Employment Law Blog

The employment lawyers of Hoyer, Hicks & Gage handle cases involving wrongful termination, discrimination, harassment, missed breaks, and unpaid wages in the San Francisco Bay Area and the greater northern California area. This blog contains portions of our legal research and court submissions and updates about the ever-evolving field of employment law.


Recent Posts

Workers’ Compensation

Several states regulate workers’ compensation laws in the United States. The Office of Worker’s Compensation Programs is housed inside the U.S. Department of Labor, although it solely oversees coverage for federal employees, longshoremen and harbor workers, energy workers, and coal miners.

Because there are no federal requirements for workers’ compensation, each state has quite different laws governing the same types of injuries.

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January 2021 Employment Legislation

Starting in January 2021, there will be some new employment legislation going into effect. Here’s a little breakdown of some key things to know, as an employee.

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Civil Actions Under the Private Attorneys General Act

Under the Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”), an aggrieved employee may bring a civil action personally and on behalf of other current or former employees and the State of California to recover civil penalties for Labor Code violations. Iskanian v. CLS Transp. Los Angeles, LLC (2014) 59 Cal.4th 348, 380. Seventy-five percent of any PAGA penalties go to the Labor & Workforce Development Agency (“LWDA”), leaving the remaining 25 percent for the employees. Id.; see also ZB, N.A. v. Superior Court (2019) 8 Cal.5th 175, 275. PAGA is intended to augment the limited enforcement capability of LWDA by empowering employees to enforce the Labor Code as representatives of the Agency. Id. at p. 383. A judgment in a PAGA action binds all those who would be bound by a judgment in an action brought by the government. Id. at 381.

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Instacart Wage-and-Hour Settlement

ATTORNEY ADVERTISEMENT Our firm filed a representative action on behalf of Aggrieved Employees and the State of California against Instacart in Santa Clara County in 2018: Ornelas v. Maplebear, Inc. (d/b/a lnstacart), case no. 18CV323046. Based on our client’s experiences, we alleged that lnstacart’s timekeeping app deleted employees’ hours worked on cancelled jobs and failed […]

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Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. The Superior Court of Los Angeles County

Under the “ABC Test” established by the California Supreme Court in Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. The Superior Court of Los Angeles County, a worker is an employee if any of the following conditions are met:

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Requirements for Accurate Itemized Wage Statements in California

Section 226, subdivision (a) of the Labor Code requires an employer to provide employees with “an accurate itemized statement” that includes: (1) gross wages earned; (2) total hours worked; (3) certain information for employees paid on a piece-rate basis; (4) all deductions; (5) net wages earned; (6) the pay period; (7) the employee’s name and identifying information; (8) “the name and address of the legal entity that is the employer”; and (9) all applicable hourly rates. “An employee suffering injury as a result of a knowing and intentional failure by an employer to comply with subdivision (a) is entitled to recover the greater of all actual damages or fifty dollars ($ 50) for the initial pay period in which a violation occurs and one hundred dollars ($ 100) per employee for each violation in a subsequent pay period, not to exceed an aggregate penalty of four thousand dollars ($ 4,000), and is entitled to an award of costs and reasonable attorney’s fees.” (§ 226, subd. (e)(1).) Injunctive relief and civil penalties are also available. (§§ 226, subd. (h), 226.3).

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Wage and Hour Class Action Mediation Brief

Section 510 of the Labor Code and the applicable IWC Wage Order require employers to pay overtime for hours worked beyond eight in a day and forty in a week (and double-time as provided in the statute and Wage Order).

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Awarding Attorneys Fees in PAGA Actions

Under PAGA, an aggrieved employee may bring a civil action personally and on behalf of other current or former employees and the state of California to recover civil penalties for Labor Code violations. Iskanian v. CLS Transp. Los Angeles, LLC (2014) 59 Cal.4th 348, 380. Seventy-five percent of any PAGA penalties go to the LWDA, leaving the remaining 25 percent for the employees. Id. PAGA is intended to augment the limited enforcement capability of by empowering employees to enforce the Labor Code as representatives of the Agency. Id. at p. 383. A judgment in a PAGA action binds all those who would be bound by a judgment in an action brought by the government. Id. at 381.

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Retaliation Under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act

Under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”), an employer may not “discharge, expel, or otherwise discriminate against any person because the person opposed any practices forbidden under [FEHA] or because the person has filed a complaint, testified, or assisted in any proceeding under [FEHA].”  Cal. Gov. Code § 12940(h). 
FEHA retaliation claims follow the McDonnell-Douglas burden-shifting framework.  Yanowitz v. L’Oreal USA, Inc., 36 Cal.4th 1028, 1042 (2005).  To establish a prima facie case for retaliation, the employee must establish that (1) they engaged in an activity protected under FEHA, such as filing a discrimination claim; (2) the employer subjected them to adverse employment action; and (3) there was a causal connection between the employee’s protected activity and the employer’s adverse action.  Id.  Once the employee has established a prima facie case for retaliation, the burden shifts to the employer to provide a legitimate, nonretaliatory explanation for the adverse employment action.  Id.  Should the employer successfully rebut, the burden shifts back to the employee to prove intentional retaliation.  Id. 

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  • Gainey v. Occidental Land Research
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  • Green v. Ralee Eng’g Co.
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  • Heyen v. Safeway (2013)
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  • Hoffman-La Roche Inc. v. Sperling
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  • Labor Code § 226.3
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  • Labor Code § 226.7(c)
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  • Labor Code § 226(a)
  • Labor Code § 226(e)
  • Labor Code § 226(e)(1)
  • Labor Code § 226(e)(2)
  • Labor Code § 226(h)
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  • Labor Code § 2698 et seq.
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  • Labor Code § 2699(f)
  • Labor Code § 2699(g)(1)
  • Labor Code § 2699(l)
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  • Labor Code § 558
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  • Labor Code § 6310 (b)
  • Labor Code § 6311
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  • Labor Code § 98
  • Labor Code §§ 1174-1175
  • Labor Code §§ 201 and 203
  • Labor Code §§ 201-203
  • Labor Code §§ 226.7 and 512
  • Labor Code §§ 6400-6403
  • Labor Code §1194 (a)
  • Labor Code §510
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  • Labor Management Relations Act
  • Lafitte v. Robert Half Intern. Inc.
  • Lambert v. Ackerly
  • Lantz v. Sup. Ct.
  • Lantz v. Sup. Ct. (1994) 28 Cal.App.4th 1839
  • Lazar v. Superior Court
  • Leuthold v. Destination America Inc.
  • Lewis v. Wells Fargo & Co
  • Lewis v. Wells Fargo & Co.
  • Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. LcL Administrators Inc.
  • Linder v. Thrifty Oil Co.
  • Lingle v. Norge Div. of Magic Chef Inc.
  • LMRA
  • Lowy Development Corp. v. Superior Court
  • Luchetti v. Hershey Co.
  • Luque v. AT&T Corp.
  • LWDA
  • Maddock v. KB Homes Inc.
  • Madera Police Officers Assn. v. City of Madera
  • Makaeff v. Trump Univ. LLC
  • Maldonado v. Epsilon Plastics Inc.
  • Marino v. CACafe Inc.
  • Martinez v. Combs
  • Martino v. Denevi
  • Massey v. Ojaniit
  • Mastick v. T.D. Ameritrade
  • Mayle v. Felix
  • McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
  • McGhee v. Bank of America
  • McKennon v. Nashville Banner Pub. Co.
  • McLaughlin v. Ho Fat Seto
  • McRae v. Dept. of Corr. & Rehab.
  • McVeigh v. Recology San Francisco
  • meal breaks
  • Mendez v. Superior Court
  • Mendez v. Superior Court (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 557
  • Mendiola v. CPS Security Solutions Inc.
  • Mercury Insurance Group v. Superior Court
  • Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Massachusetts
  • Mevorah v. Wells Fargo Home Mortg.
  • Milan v. City of Holtville (2010) 186 Cal. App. 4th 1028
  • Mills v. Joshua Hendy Corp.
  • misclassification
  • Misra v. Decision One Mortg. Co.
  • Mitri v. Arnel Management Co.
  • Mohamed v. Uber Techs. Inc.
  • Monzon v. Schaefer Ambulance Service Inc.
  • Morales v. Trans World Airlines Inc.
  • Moran v. Superior Court in and for Sacramento County
  • Morgan v. Regents of University of California
  • Morillion v. Royal Packing Co.
  • Morris v. Ernst & Young LLP
  • Morton v. Valley Farm Transp. Inc.
  • motion to compel arbitration
  • Mueller v. Automobile Club of So.
  • Murphy v. Kenneth Cole
  • Murphy v. Kenneth Cole Productions Inc.
  • Naranjo v. Spectrum Sec. Servs. Inc.
  • Narayan v. EGL Inc.
  • National Council Against Health Fraud Inc. v. King Bio Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • National Labor Relations Act
  • Nelsen v. Legacy Partners
  • New York State Conference of Blue Cross & Blue Shield Plans v. Travelers Insurance Company
  • NLRA
  • O’Connor v. Uber Technologies Inc.
  • Oakland City Ordinance 5.64.040
  • Oakland Municipal Code 5.64.010
  • Oakland Municipal Code 5.64.040
  • Oakland Taxicab Ordinance
  • OCM Principal Opportunities Fund v. CIBC World Markets Corp.
  • off the clock
  • Ortega v. J.B. Hunt Transport Inc.
  • OSHA
  • Oyarzo v. Tuolumne Fire Dist.
  • Pacesetter Sys. Inc. v. Medtronic Inc.
  • PAGA
  • Palay v. Sup. Ct.
  • Palay v. Sup. Ct. (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 919
  • Parris v. Sup.Ct.
  • Parson v. Golden State FC LLC
  • Passantino v. Johnson & Jonson Consumer Products Inc.
  • Peat Marwick Mitchell & Co. v. Superior Court
  • penalties
  • People ex rel. Harris v. Pac Anchor Transp. Inc.
  • People v. Blair
  • People v. Bradley
  • Perguica v. Ind. Acc. Com.
  • Perryman v. Dorman
  • Phillip v. Mayo Clinic Arizona
  • Pioneer Electronics (USA) Inc. v. Superior Court
  • Plaisted v. Dress Barn Inc.
  • Planned Parenthood Golden Gate v. Superior Court
  • Poland v. Chertoff
  • predominance
  • premium wages
  • Price v. McDonald’s Corp.
  • Price v. Starbucks Corp.
  • Prilliman v. United Air Lines inc.
  • Prillman v. United Air Lines Inc.
  • Prince v. CLS Transp. Inc.
  • Private Attorneys General Act
  • Puritan Ins. Co. v. Sup.Ct. (Tri-C Machine Corp.)
  • Pyramid Technologies Inc. v. Hartford Cas. Ins. Co.
  • Ramirez v. Fox Television Station Inc.
  • Ramirez v. Ghilotti Bros. Inc.
  • Ramirez v. Yosemite Water Co.
  • Ramirez v. Yosemite Water Co. (1999) 20 Cal.4th 785
  • Real v. Driscoll Strawberry Associates Inc.
  • Reece v. Houston Lighting & Power Co.
  • Reeves v. Safeway Stores Inc.
  • Reinhardt v. Gemini Motor Transport
  • Rent-A-Center West Inc. v. Jackson
  • Renteria v. K&R Transportation Inc.
  • Rest.2d Torts § 546
  • Rest.2d Torts §538 subd. 2(a)
  • Retiree Support Group of Contra Costa County v. Contra Costa County
  • Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp.
  • Richmond v. Dart Industries Inc.
  • Rivera v. Rivera
  • Road Sprinkler Fitters Local Union No. 669 v. G & G Fire Sprinklers Inc.
  • Roberson v. Danny Ontiveros
  • Roberts v. Superior Court (1973) 9 Cal.3d 330
  • Robinson v. George
  • Roe v. Sup. Ct. (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 832
  • Rope v. Auto-Chlor Sys. Of Wash. Inc.
  • Rose v. City of Hayward
  • Rother v. Lupenko
  • Rowe v. New Hampshire Motor Transport Association
  • Rubin v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
  • Ruiz v. Affinity Logistics Corp.
  • Russell v. Wells Fargo & Co.
  • S.G. Borello & Sons Inc. v. Dept. of Indust. Rel.
  • Sakkab v. Luxotica Retail N. Am. Inc.
  • Salas v. Sierra Chem. Co.
  • Salazar v. McDonald’s Corp.
  • Salazar v. U.S. Department of Justice
  • salinas workers compensation
  • San Diego Unified Port Dist. v. Superior Court
  • Sanchez v. Swissport Inc.
  • Sarviss v. Gen. Dynamics Information Tech Inc.
  • Sav-On Drug Stores
  • Sav-On Drug Stores Inc. v. Superior Court
  • Savea v. YRC Inc.
  • SB 1383
  • Seastrom v. Neways Inc.
  • Sees Candy Shops Inc. v. Sup. Ct.
  • settlement
  • Seymore v. Metson Marine Inc.
  • Shaw v. Delta Air Lines Inc.
  • Skerski v. Time Warner Cable
  • Skidmore v. Swift & Co.
  • Slavkov v. Fast Water Heater I LP
  • Slesinger Inc v. Walt Disney Co.
  • Smith v. H.F.D.
  • Smith v. Marsh
  • Smith v. Rae-Venter Law Group
  • Smith v. Selma Community Hosp.
  • Sotelo v. MediaNews Group Inc.
  • Soto v. Motel 6 Operating L.P.
  • Soules v. Cadam Inc.
  • Spitzer v. Good Guys Inc.
  • Spitzer v. Good Guys Inc. (2000) 80 Cal.App.4th 1376
  • St. John v. Employment Development Dept.
  • St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks
  • Stanfield v. First NLC Fin. Servs. LLC
  • Starving Students Inc. v. Department Of Industrial Relations
  • Staub v. Proctor Hosp.
  • Stolt-Nielsen
  • Stolt-Nielsen S.A. v. Animal Feeds International Corp.
  • Studley v. Alliance Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Suckow Borax Mines Consol. v. Borax Consol.
  • Sullivan v. Oracle Corp.
  • superior method
  • Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
  • Tarkington v. California Unemployment Ins. Appeals Bd.
  • Tatkin v. Superior Court In and For Los Angeles County
  • Taylor v. Phoenixville School Dist.
  • Tennessee Coal Iron & R. Co. v. Muscoda Local No. 123
  • Thibault v. Bellsouth Telecommunications Inc.
  • Thiebes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
  • Thurman v. Bayshore Transit Management Inc.
  • Tidewater Marine Western Inc. v. Bradshaw
  • Tieberg v. Unemployment Ins. App. Bd.
  • tip pooling
  • Title VII
  • Townsend v. Superior Court
  • Troester v. Starbucks Corp.
  • Truly Nolan v. Superior Court
  • Turner v. Anheuser-Busch Inc.
  • Tylo v. Superior Court
  • Tylo v. Superior Court (1997) 55 Cal.App.4th 1379
  • typicality
  • U.S. Constitution Article VI
  • U.S. v. Ewald Iron Co.
  • U.S.C. § 12111(9)(B)
  • U.S.C. § 185
  • U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a)
  • U.S.C. § 202
  • U.S.C. § 203
  • U.S.C. § 207(a)(1)
  • U.S.C. § 216
  • U.S.C. § 216(b)
  • U.S.C. § 255(a)
  • U.S.C. § 260
  • U.S.C. §§ 206 207(a)(1)
  • U.S.C. §§ 211(c) 215(a)(5)
  • U.S.C. §215(a)(3)
  • U.S.C. 211(c)
  • U.S.C. Title 18 § 1511
  • Vallbona v. Springer
  • Valley Bank of Nevada v. Superior Court
  • Viceral v. Mistras Group Inc.
  • Villalobos v. Calandri Sonrise Farm LP
  • Volt Info. Scis. Inc. v. Bd. of Trs. of Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.
  • Wage Order 4-2001
  • Wage Order 5-2001
  • Walker v. Superior Court
  • Waller v. Truck Ins. Exchange Inc.
  • Wang v. Chinese Daily News Inc.
  • Watkins v. Ameripride Servs.
  • West v. Bechtel Corp.
  • Whistleblowing
  • White v. Davis
  • Whitworth v. Solarcity Corp.
  • Widjaja v. YUM! Brands Inc.
  • Williams v. Marshall
  • Williams v. Russ
  • Willner v. Manpower Inc.
  • Wilson v. County of Orange
  • Wilson v. County of Orange (2009) 169 Cal.App.4th 1185
  • Wm. T. Thompson Co. v. General Nutrition Corp.
  • Wood v. Superior Court
  • Wood v. Superior Court (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 1138
  • workers comp
  • workers compensation
  • Workplace Discrimination
  • workplace illnesses
  • workplace injuries
  • Wynn v. National Broad Co. Inc.
  • Wysinger v. Automobile Club of Southern Calif.
  • Yellow Creek Logging Cor v. Dare
  • Yokoyama
  • Yong v. I.N.S.
  • ZB N.A. v. Superior Court
  • Zuniga v. United Can Co.